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The Shiva Tandava Stotram was composed by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, in praise of Lord Shiva. Despite being a villain in the Ramayana, Ravana was a great devotee of Shiva and a formidable scholar. The 16 verses describe Shiva's cosmic dance (Tandava) with extraordinarily complex Sanskrit compound words. It is recited on Mondays, Maha Shivaratri, and during Shravan month. The stotram's complex rhythmic structure mimics the sounds of the Tandava dance itself. It is considered one of the most powerful Shiva prayers.