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सायन सूर्य और चन्द्रमा के अंशों का योग, 13°20′ के 27 खण्डों में विभाजित, दिन की ऊर्जा को रंग देने वाला योग प्रदान करता है
In Panchang, the word "yoga" does not refer to asanas or meditation. It is a purely astronomical measure: take the sidereal longitude of the Sun, add the sidereal longitude of the Moon, reduce the sum modulo 360°, and then divide the result into 27 equal segments of 13°20′ each. The segment the sum falls into determines the prevailing yoga.
Each of the 27 yogas carries a distinct name and nature — auspicious, inauspicious, or mixed. The sequence runs from Vishkambha (1) through Vaidhriti (27). Some yogas like Siddhi, Shubha, and Shukla are regarded as highly favourable, while Vyatipata and Vaidhriti are considered deeply inauspicious and are avoided for all new beginnings.
The complete list of 27 yogas in order: (1) Vishkambha, (2) Priti, (3) Ayushman, (4) Saubhagya, (5) Shobhana, (6) Atiganda, (7) Sukarma, (8) Dhriti, (9) Shula, (10) Ganda, (11) Vriddhi, (12) Dhruva, (13) Vyaghata, (14) Harshana, (15) Vajra, (16) Siddhi, (17) Vyatipata, (18) Variyan, (19) Parigha, (20) Shiva, (21) Siddha, (22) Sadhya, (23) Shubha, (24) Shukla, (25) Brahma, (26) Indra, (27) Vaidhriti.
The 27 yogas are enumerated in the Surya Siddhanta and detailed in Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira (6th century CE). Parashara mentions them in BPHS as an essential element of Panchang. The system predates the common era and reflects the ancient insight that the combined luminaries (Sun + Moon) create a distinct quality of time beyond what either body produces individually. The word "yoga" here literally means "union" or "sum" — the joining of two celestial arcs.