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Each nakshatra is ruled by one of 9 planets in Vimshottari order, determining the starting dasha at birth and the 120-year cycle
Each of the 27 nakshatras is assigned a planetary lord according to the Vimshottari dasha system. The 9 planets cycle in a fixed order: Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury. This sequence repeats 3 times to cover all 27 nakshatras (9 x 3 = 27). Thus Ketu rules the 1st (Ashwini), 10th (Magha), and 19th (Mula) nakshatras; Venus rules the 2nd (Bharani), 11th (Purva Phalguni), and 20th (Purva Ashadha); Sun rules the 3rd (Krittika), 12th (Uttara Phalguni), and 21st (Uttara Ashadha); and so on for all nine planets.
27 नक्षत्रों में से प्रत्येक को विंशोत्तरी दशा पद्धति के अनुसार एक ग्रह स्वामी नियत है। 9 ग्रह एक निश्चित क्रम में चक्रित होते हैं: केतु, शुक्र, सूर्य, चन्द्र, मंगल, राहु, बृहस्पति, शनि, बुध। यह अनुक्रम सभी 27 नक्षत्रों को आवृत करने हेतु 3 बार दोहराता है (9 x 3 = 27)। अतः केतु 1ले (अश्विनी), 10वें (मघा) और 19वें (मूल) नक्षत्रों का शासक है; शुक्र 2रे (भरणी), 11वें (पूर्वा फाल्गुनी) और 20वें (पूर्वाषाढ़ा) का; सूर्य 3रे (कृत्तिका), 12वें (उत्तरा फाल्गुनी) और 21वें (उत्तराषाढ़ा) का; इसी प्रकार सभी नौ ग्रहों के लिए।
The ruling planet of the Moon's nakshatra at birth determines which Mahadasha (major planetary period) is active at the moment of birth. This is the fundamental link between the nakshatra system and the dasha timing system — without knowing the birth nakshatra, you cannot calculate the dasha sequence. For example, a person born with Moon in Hasta (13th nakshatra) has Moon as the lord (the 4th in the cycle: Ketu=1, Venus=2, Sun=3, Moon=4). Therefore Moon Mahadasha is running at birth.
The Vimshottari dasha system is attributed to Sage Parashara and is detailed extensively in the Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (BPHS). It is by far the most widely used dasha system among the 40+ described in classical texts. Parashara states that among all dasha systems, Vimshottari is most applicable in the current Kali Yuga. The assignment of planets to nakshatras and the specific year durations (7, 20, 6, 10, 7, 18, 16, 19, 17) are considered divinely revealed, not empirically derived.