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The Ashta Kuta system scores 8 compatibility factors totaling 36 points between two birth nakshatras
The Ashta Kuta system is the most widely used method for assessing marriage compatibility in Vedic astrology. It evaluates 8 factors (kutas) based on the Moon nakshatras of the prospective bride and groom, assigning a total maximum score of 36 points. Traditionally, a minimum of 18 points (50%) is required for the match to be considered acceptable. The 8 kutas, in order of ascending weight, are:
1. Varna (1 point) — spiritual compatibility based on the four varnas assigned to nakshatras. 2. Vashya (2 points) — dominance/influence compatibility, indicating mutual attraction and control dynamics. 3. Tara (3 points) — star compatibility based on the count between nakshatras modulo 9. 4. Yoni (4 points) — sexual and instinctual compatibility via animal symbolism. 5. Graha Maitri (5 points) — planetary friendship between Moon-sign lords. 6. Gana (3 points) — temperament matching (Deva, Manushya, Rakshasa). 7. Bhakoot (7 points) — Moon-sign relationship (rashi lords). 8. Nadi (8 points) — constitutional/genetic compatibility via Ayurvedic nadi.
1. वर्ण (1 अंक) — नक्षत्रों को नियत चार वर्णों पर आधारित आध्यात्मिक अनुकूलता। 2. वश्य (2 अंक) — प्रभुत्व/प्रभाव अनुकूलता, परस्पर आकर्षण और नियन्त्रण गतिशीलता। 3. तारा (3 अंक) — नक्षत्रों के बीच गणना मॉड्यूलो 9 पर आधारित तारा अनुकूलता। 4. योनि (4 अंक) — पशु प्रतीकवाद द्वारा यौन और सहजवृत्तिक अनुकूलता। 5. ग्रह मैत्री (5 अंक) — चन्द्र राशि स्वामियों के बीच ग्रह मैत्री। 6. गण (3 अंक) — स्वभाव मिलान (देव, मनुष्य, राक्षस)। 7. भकूट (7 अंक) — चन्द्र राशि सम्बन्ध (राशि स्वामी)। 8. नाड़ी (8 अंक) — आयुर्वेदिक नाड़ी द्वारा प्राकृतिक/आनुवंशिक अनुकूलता।
The Ashta Kuta system is detailed in texts like Muhurta Chintamani, Jyotish Ratnakar, and various Dharmashastra works. While BPHS and Brihat Jataka discuss compatibility through planetary analysis, the nakshatra-based Kuta system became the standard method in North Indian tradition. South Indian traditions sometimes use a different set of 10 porutham (compatibility factors). The Kuta system's elegant simplicity — requiring only the birth nakshatras — made it accessible to village astrologers who might not have full horoscopes available.